Energy conversion efficiency from a high order soliton to fundamental solitons in presence of Raman scattering

TL;DR

This paper develops an analytical model for energy conversion efficiency from high-order to fundamental solitons considering Raman scattering, validated by numerical and experimental results, with implications for supercontinuum generation.

Contribution

The paper introduces a new analytical formula for energy conversion efficiency that accounts for Raman scattering effects, improving upon previous Raman-independent models.

Findings

ZBLAN glass yields the highest energy conversion efficiency.

The analytical formula closely matches numerical and experimental results.

Raman scattering significantly impacts soliton fission dynamics.

Abstract

We formulate the energy conversion efficiency from a high-order soliton to fundamental solitons by including the influence of interpulse Raman scattering in the fission process. The proposed analytical formula agrees closely with numerical results of the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation as well as to experimental results, while the resulting formulation significantly alters the energy conversion efficiency predicted by the Raman-independent inverse scattering method. We also calculate the energy conversion efficiency in materials of different Raman gain profiles such as silica, ZBLAN and chalcogenide glasses (As2S3 and As2Se3). It is predicted that ZBLAN glass leads to the largest energy conversion efficiency of all four materials. The energy conversion efficiency is a notion of utmost practical interest for the design of wavelength converters and supercontinuum generation systems based on the dynamics of soliton self-frequency shift.