Two Efficient Beamforming Methods for Hybrid IRS-aided AF Relay Wireless Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces two novel beamforming methods for hybrid IRS-aided AF relay wireless networks, significantly improving data rates and coverage by optimizing signal reflection and amplification techniques.

Contribution

It proposes a hybrid IRS-aided AF relay system with two new beamforming algorithms, one high-performance and one low-complexity, enhancing rate performance over existing methods.

Findings

50% rate gain in high power regions

HP-SDR-FP outperforms WF-GPI-GRR in rate performance

Both methods significantly outperform passive IRS and AF relay networks

Abstract

Due to the double fading effect caused by conventional passive intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), the signal via the reflection link is weak. To enhance the received signal, active elements with the ability to amplify the reflected signal are introduced to the passive IRS forming hybrid IRS. In this paper, we propose a hybrid IRS-aided amplify-and-forward (AF) relay wireless network, where an optimization problem is formulated, which is subject to the constraints of transmit power budgets at the source/AF relay/hybrid IRS and that of unit modulus for passive IRS elements. By alternately designing the beamforming matrix at AF relay and the reflecting coefficient matrices at IRS, signal-to-noise ratio can be maximized. To achieve high rate performance and extend the coverage range, a high-performance method based on semidefinite relaxation and fractional programming (HP-SDR-FP) algorithm is presented. Due to its extremely high complexity, a low-complexity method based on whitening filter, general power iterative and generalized Rayleigh-Ritz (WF-GPI-GRR) is proposed, which is different from HP-SDR-FP method. It is assumed that the amplifying coefficient of each active IRS element is equal, and the corresponding analytical solution of the amplifying coefficient can be obtained according to the transmit powers at AF relay and hybrid IRS. Simulation results show that the proposed two methods can greatly improve the rate performance compared to the existing networks, such as the passive IRS-aided AF relay and only AF relay network. In particular, a 50.0% rate gain over the existing networks is approximately achieved in the high power budget region of hybrid IRS. Moreover, it is verified that the proposed HP-SDR-FP method perform better than WF-GPI-GRR method in terms of rate performance.