Enabling Ice Core Science on Mars and Ocean Worlds

TL;DR

This paper introduces the Melter-Sublimator for Ice Science (MSIS), a compact instrument designed to analyze ice deposits on Mars and Ocean Worlds, enabling climate, volcanic, and astrobiological research through in-situ analysis and sample collection.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel, versatile ice processing instrument, MSIS, capable of in-situ analysis and sample collection for planetary science and astrobiology missions.

Findings

MSIS can analyze ice for volcanic and climate history.

MSIS enables collection of cosmogenic nuclides for space weather studies.

MSIS supports diverse analyses for Mars and Ocean Worlds missions.

Abstract

Ice deposits on Earth provide an extended record of volcanism, planetary climate, and life. On Mars, such a record may extend as far back as tens to hundreds of millions of years (My), compared to only a few My on Earth. Here, we propose and demonstrate a compact instrument, the Melter-Sublimator for Ice Science (MSIS), and describe its potential use cases. Similar to current use in the analysis of ice cores, linking MSIS to downstream elemental, chemical, and biological analyses could address whether Mars is, or was in the recent past, volcanically active, enable the creation of a detailed climate history of the late Amazonian, and seek evidence of subsurface life preserved in ice sheets. The sublimation feature can not only serve as a preconcentrator for in-situ analyses, but also enable the collection of rare material such as cosmogenic nuclides, which could be returned to Earth and used to confirm and expand the record of nearby supernovas and long-term trends in space weather. Missions to Ocean Worlds such as Europa or Enceladus will involve ice processing, and there MSIS would deliver liquid samples for downstream wet chemistry analyses. Our combined melter-sublimator system can thus help to address diverse questions in heliophysics, habitability, and astrobiology.