On doubly symmetric orbits

TL;DR

This paper investigates doubly symmetric periodic orbits in Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom, establishing their stability properties, hyperbolicity constraints, and implications for bifurcations and symplectic invariants.

Contribution

It proves that doubly symmetric orbits in four-dimensional Hamiltonian systems cannot be negative hyperbolic and explores their stability and bifurcation characteristics, linking symmetry and hyperbolicity.

Findings

Doubly symmetric orbits cannot be negative hyperbolic in dimension four.

A non-degenerate doubly symmetric orbit is stable iff its CZ-index is odd.

Doubly symmetric orbits do not undergo period doubling bifurcation.

Abstract

In this article, for Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom, we study doubly symmetric periodic orbits, i.e. those which are symmetric with respect to two (distinct) commuting antisymplectic involutions. These are ubiquitous in several problems of interest in mechanics. We show that, in dimension four, doubly symmetric periodic orbits cannot be negative hyperbolic. This has a number of consequences: (1) all covers of doubly symmetric orbits are good, in the sense of Symplectic Field Theory; (2) a non-degenerate doubly symmetric orbit is stable if and only if its CZ-index is odd; (3) a doubly symmetric orbit does not undergo period doubling bifurcation; and (4) there is always a stable orbit in any collection of doubly symmetric periodic orbits with negative SFT-Euler characteristic (as coined by the authors in arXiv 2206.00627). The above results follow from: (5) a symmetric orbit is negative hyperbolic if and only its two B-signs (introduced by the authors in arXiv 2109.09147) differ.