An atomistic insight into moir\'e reconstruction in Twisted Bilayer Graphene beyond the magic angle

TL;DR

This study reveals that atomic reconstruction in twisted bilayer graphene occurs beyond the magic angle, significantly affecting moiré patterns and their evolution under strain, which is crucial for future twistronics applications.

Contribution

The paper introduces a theoretical and numerical framework to analyze moiré reconstruction at high twist angles and proposes a method to track local regions within moiré cells under strain.

Findings

Reconstruction persists beyond the magic angle.

Reconstruction significantly influences moiré cell evolution.

Theoretical measures validate the role of reconstruction at high angles.

Abstract

Twisted bilayer graphene exhibits electronic properties that are highly correlated with the size and arrangement of moir\'e patterns. While rigid rotation of two layers creates the topology of moir\'e patterns, local rearrangements of the atoms due to interlayer van der Waals interactions result in atomic reconstruction within the moir\'e cells. The ability to manipulate these patterns by controlling twist angle and/or externally applied strain provides a promising route to tune their properties. While this phenomenon has been extensively studied for angles close to or smaller than the magic angle ({\theta}m=1.1{\deg}), its extent for higher angles and how it evolves with strain is unknown and is believed to be mostly absent at high angles. We use theoretical and numerical analyses to resolve reconstruction in angles above {\theta}m using interpretive and fundamental physical measures. In addition, we propose a method to identify local regions within moir\'e cells and track their evolution with strain for a range of representative high twist angles. Our results show that reconstruction is actively present beyond the magic angle and its contribution to the evolution of the moir\'e cells is major. Our theoretical method to correlate local and global phonon behavior provides further validation on the role of reconstruction at higher angles. Our findings provide a better understanding of moir\'e reconstruction in large twist angles and the evolution of moir\'e cells in the presence of strain, that might be very crucial for twistronics-based applications.