Holography of information in massive gravity using Dirac brackets

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the principle of holography of information applies differently in massive gravity compared to massless gravity, showing that bulk information cannot be extracted from boundary observables in massive gravity due to the vanishing Dirac brackets.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the holography of information does not hold in linearized massive gravity by analyzing Dirac brackets, revealing fundamental differences from massless gravity.

Findings

Dirac brackets vanish for massive gravity, preventing boundary extraction of bulk info.

Massive gravity allows local bulk operators that are hidden from boundary observables.

The results have implications for black hole information and the islands proposal.

Abstract

The principle of holography of information states that in massless gravity, it is possible to extract bulk information using asymptotic boundary operators. In our work, we study this principle in a linearized setting about empty flat space and formulate it using Dirac brackets between boundary Hamiltonian and bulk operators. We then address whether the storage of bulk information in flat space linearized massive gravity resembles that of massless gravity. For linearized massless gravity, using Dirac brackets, we recover the necessary criteria for the holography of information. In contrast, we show that the Dirac bracket of the relevant boundary observable with bulk operators vanishes for massive gravity. We use this important distinction to outline the canonical Hilbert space. This leads to split states, and consequently, one cannot use asymptotic boundary observables to extract bulk information in massive gravity. We also argue the split property directly without an explicit reference to the Hilbert space. The result reflects that we can construct local bulk operators in massive gravity, which are obscured from boundary observables due to the lack of diffeomorphism invariance. Our analysis sheds some light on evaporating black holes in the context of the islands proposal.