Unusual acceleration and size effects in grain boundary migration with shear coupling

TL;DR

This paper reveals unexpected acceleration and size-dependent effects in grain boundary migration with shear coupling in Ni, introduces a method to extract true driving forces, and questions the symmetry of mobility tensors at high forces.

Contribution

It uncovers unusual acceleration and size effects in shear-coupling grain boundary migration and proposes a technique to determine the true driving force and mobility.

Findings

Shear-coupling GBs show non-linear, accelerating migration behavior.

Boundary velocity decreases with increasing bicrystal size.

The true driving force is lower than the applied force, and mobility tensor symmetry may not hold at large forces.

Abstract

Grain boundary (GB) migration plays a crucial role in the thermal and mechanical responses of polycrystalline materials, particularly in ultrafine-grained and nano-grained materials exhibiting grain size-dependent properties. This study investigates the migration behaviors of a set of GBs in Ni through atomistic simulations, employing synthetic driving forces and shear stress. Surprisingly, the displacements of some shear-coupling GBs do not follow the widely assumed linear or approximately linear relation with time; instead, they exhibit a noticeable acceleration tendency. Furthermore, as the bicrystal size perpendicular to the GB plane increases, the boundary velocity significantly decreases. These observations are independent of the magnitude and type of driving force but are closely linked to temperature, unique to shear-coupling GBs that display a rise in the kinetic energy component along the shear direction. By adopting a specific boundary condition, the acceleration in migration and size effect can be largely alleviated. However, the continuous rise in kinetic energy persists, leading to the true driving force for GB migration being lower than the applied value. To address this, we propose a technique to extract the true driving force based on a quantitative analysis of the work-energy relation in the bicrystal system. The calculated true mobility reveals that the recently proposed mobility tensor may not be symmetric at relatively large driving forces. These discoveries advance our understanding of GB migration and offer a scheme to extract the true mobility, crucial for meso- and continuum-scale simulations of GB migration-related phenomena such as crack propagation, recrystallization, and grain growth.