Linear and circular polarimetry of the optically bright relativistic Tidal Disruption Event AT 2022cmc

TL;DR

This study presents the first high signal-to-noise linear and circular polarization measurements of the relativistic Tidal Disruption Event AT 2022cmc, providing insights into its geometry and jet properties.

Contribution

It provides the first circular polarimetry for a relativistic TDE and the highest S/N linear polarization measurement, enhancing understanding of TDE polarization characteristics.

Findings

Linear and circular polarization are consistent with zero.

Supports a pole-on view of the thermal component.

Highlights difficulty in disentangling jet and shock effects.

Abstract

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur when a star orbiting a massive black hole is sufficiently close to be tidally ripped apart by the black hole. AT 2022cmc is the first relativistic TDE that was observed (and discovered) as an optically bright and fast transient, showing signatures of non-thermal radiation induced by a jet which is oriented towards the Earth. In this work, we present optical linear and circular polarization measurements, observed with VLT/FORS2 in the $R$-band (which corresponds to the blue/UV part of the spectrum in rest frame), $\sim$ 7.2 and $\sim$ 12.2 rest-frame days after the first detection, respectively, when the light curve of the transient had settled in a bright blue plateau. Both linear and circular polarization are consistent with zero, $p_{lin}$ = 0.14 $\pm$ 0.73 % and $p_{cir}$ = $-$0.30 $\pm$ 0.53 %. This is the highest S/N linear polarization measurement obtained for a relativistic TDE and the first circular polarimetry for such a transient. The non detection of the linear and circular polarization is consistent with the scenario of AT 2022cmc being a TDE where the thermal component (disk+outflows) is viewed pole-on, assuming an axially symmetric geometry. The presence and effect of a jet and/or external shocks are, however, difficult to disentangle.