Axial algebras of Monster type $(2\eta, \eta)$ for $D$ diagrams. I

TL;DR

This paper classifies primitive subalgebras generated by specific axes in axial algebras of Monster type, expanding understanding of their structure and introducing new infinite series of such algebras.

Contribution

It provides a classification of certain primitive subalgebras in axial algebras of Monster type and constructs new infinite series generalizing previous examples.

Findings

Classified all primitive subalgebras generated by one axis and two double axes in seven cases.

Constructed several infinite series of axial algebras of Monster type.

Extended the understanding of subalgebra structures related to 3-transposition groups.

Abstract

Axial algebras are a class of commutative algebras generated by idempotents, with adjoint action semisimple and satisfying a prescribed fusion law. Axial algebras were introduced by Hall, Rehren, and Shpectorov in 2015 as a broad generalization of Majorana algebras of Ivanov, whose axioms were derived from the properties of the Griess algebra for the Monster group. The class of Matsuo algebras was introduced by Matsuo and later generalized by Hall, Rehren, and Shpectorov. A Matsuo algebra $M$ is built by a set of 3-transpositions $D$. Elements of $D$ are idempotents in $M$ and called axes. In particular, $M$ is an example of an axial algebra. It is known that double axes, i.e., sums of two orthogonal axes in a Matsuo algebra, satisfy the fusion law of Monster type. This observation shows that a set consisting of axes and double axes can generate a subalgebra of Monster type in the Matsuo algebra. Subalgebras corresponding to various series of 3-transposition groups are extensively studied by many authors. In this paper, we study primitive subalgebras generated by a single axis and two double axes. We classify all such subalgebras in seven out of nine possible cases for a diagram on 3-transpositions that are involved in the generating elements. We also construct several infinite series of axial algebras of Monster type generalizing our 3-generated algebras.