Optimal photon budget allocation in E91 protocol

TL;DR

This paper presents an optimized photon budget allocation method in the E91 quantum key distribution protocol, achieving over 226% increase in raw key rate by adjusting beam splitter ratios without compromising security.

Contribution

It introduces a novel photon budget allocation strategy in E91 QKD, optimizing beam splitter ratios to significantly enhance raw key rate performance.

Findings

Over 226% increase in raw key rate achieved.

Optimal beam splitter ratios depend on photon budget.

Method maintains security while improving efficiency.

Abstract

In order for the deployment of quantum communication technologies in a global scale, it is necessary to meet data exchange demand of various size establishments per certain time intervals and it is important to make them cost effective and feasible. In order to meet these requirements, a lot of effort has been put into increasing key rate and having optimized systems. In this study, we focus on the improvement of raw key rate in a standardized E91 QKD system without compromising its security. Our method is to optimize photon budget allocation among three types of bits used in the system for different purposes or occurred unavoidably. These three types of bits are key bits, Bell's inequality bits and discarded bits and their ratios were $25\%$, $50\%$ and $25\%$, respectively, in the proof-of-principle experiment. On the other hand, we present $226.22\%$ increase in raw key rate with $83\%$, $10\%$ and $7\%$ allocation of photon budget among three types of bits. These ratios are achieved by replacing $50:50$ beam splitters with a $90:10$ beam splitter at one communicating side and a $93:7$ beam splitter at the other communicating side. Additionally, we demonstrate that the optimum beam splitting ratios can vary depending on photon budget.