Consistency of matter coupling in modified gravity

TL;DR

This paper investigates the conditions under which fermionic matter can be consistently coupled to generalized disformal Horndeski theories, extending previous work on bosonic matter and identifying a subclass compatible with standard model particles.

Contribution

It clarifies the fermionic matter coupling in generalized disformal Horndeski theories and identifies conditions for consistent matter coupling, including standard model particles.

Findings

Fermionic matter coupling requires additional conditions beyond bosonic case.

A specific subclass of theories allows consistent coupling of standard model particles.

Transformation law for the tetrad is crucial for understanding matter coupling.

Abstract

Matter coupling in modified gravity theories is a nontrivial issue when the gravitational Lagrangian possesses a degeneracy structure to avoid the problem of the Ostrogradsky ghost. Recently, this issue was addressed for bosonic matter fields in the generalized disformal Horndeski class, which is so far the most general class of ghost-free scalar-tensor theories obtained by performing a higher-derivative generalization of invertible disformal transformations on Horndeski theories. In this paper, we clarify the consistency of fermionic matter coupling in the generalized disformal Horndeski theories. We develop the transformation law for the tetrad associated with the generalized disformal transformation to see how it affects the fermionic matter coupling. We find that the consistency of the fermionic matter coupling requires an additional condition on top of the one required for the bosonic case. As a result, we identify a subclass of the generalized disformal Horndeski class which allows for consistent coupling of ordinary matter fields, including the standard model particles.