Gravity coupled to a scalar field from a Chern-Simons action: describing rotating hairy black holes and solitons with gauge fields

TL;DR

This paper reformulates three-dimensional Einstein gravity coupled to a scalar field as a Chern-Simons theory, enabling a unified description of rotating hairy black holes and solitons with gauge fields, and deriving their physical properties.

Contribution

It introduces a novel Chern-Simons formulation for gravity coupled to a scalar field, encompassing various gauge algebras and providing explicit solutions for black holes and solitons.

Findings

Derived conserved charges from boundary terms in the Chern-Simons formulation.

Obtained regularity conditions via holonomy constraints for solutions.

Calculated Hawking temperature, chemical potential, and entropy for black holes.

Abstract

Einstein gravity minimally coupled to a scalar field with a two-parameter Higgs-like self-interaction in three spacetime dimensions is recast in terms of a Chern-Simons form for the algebra $g^{+}\oplus g^{-}$ where, depending on the sign of the self-interaction couplings, $g^{\pm}$ can be $so(2,2)$, $so(3,1)$ or $iso(2,1)$. The field equations can then be expressed through the field strength of non-flat composite gauge fields, and conserved charges are readily obtained from boundary terms in the action that agree with those of standard Chern-Simons theory for pure gravity, but with non-flat connections. Regularity of the fields then amounts to requiring the holonomy of the connections along contractible cycles to be trivial. These conditions are automatically fulfilled for the scalar soliton and allow to recover the Hawking temperature and chemical potential in the case of the rotating hairy black holes presented here, whose entropy can also be obtained by the same formula that holds in the case of a pure Chern-Simons theory. In the conformal (Jordan) frame the theory is described by General Relativity with cosmological constant conformally coupled to a self-interacting scalar field, and its formulation in terms of a Chern-Simons form for suitably composite gauge fields is also briefly addressed.