What surfaces in the operation of noble liquids dark matter detectors

TL;DR

This paper investigates how electron and ion accumulation on liquid surfaces in noble liquid dark matter detectors can cause macroscopic effects like charged hillocks and electrospraying, impacting detector performance and requiring design modifications.

Contribution

It identifies surface charge accumulation effects in noble liquid detectors and highlights the need for design changes to mitigate these issues.

Findings

Electron and ion buildup can cause charged surface structures.

Surface effects can suppress detector signals.

Design modifications are necessary for large detectors.

Abstract

Electron and ion accumulation atop liquid can lead to formation of macroscopic charged hillocks and electrospraying, small signal suppression by charged crust. Design changes for large detectors are required.