The Prediction of Anyons: Its History and Wider Implications

TL;DR

This paper reviews the historical development of anyon prediction, highlights recent experimental breakthroughs, and discusses the importance of accurate attribution in scientific progress, especially for marginalized groups.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive historical overview of anyon prediction and emphasizes the social implications of scientific attribution practices.

Findings

Prediction of anyons predates Wilczek, originating in 1977 and 1980-81.

Experimental creation of anyonic excitations occurred in 2020.

Misattribution in scientific discoveries harms diversity and progress.

Abstract

Prediction of ``anyons'', often attributed exclusively to Wilczek, came first from Leinaas & Myrheim in 1977, and independently from Goldin, Menikoff, & Sharp in 1980-81. In 2020, experimentalists successfully created anyonic excitations. This paper discusses why the possibility of quantum particles in two-dimensional space with intermediate exchange statistics eluded physicists for so long after bosons and fermions were understood. The history suggests ideas for the preparation of future researchers. I conclude by addressing failures to attribute scientific achievements accurately. Such practices disproportionately hurt women and minorities in physics, and are harmful to science.