Improved decay estimates and $C^2$-asymptotic stability of solutions to the Einstein-scalar field system in spherical symmetry

TL;DR

This paper proves that solutions to the Einstein-scalar field system with a positive cosmological constant are globally stable and approach de Sitter space, with detailed decay rates and regularity up to second derivatives.

Contribution

It introduces new decay estimates and extends the stability analysis to include $C^2$-regularity, strengthening the understanding of the cosmic no-hair conjecture in spherical symmetry.

Findings

Solutions decay exponentially in time

Radial decay is polynomial with logarithmic factors

Future solutions approach de Sitter space with $C^2$ regularity

Abstract

We investigate the asymptotic stability of solutions to the characteristic initial value problem for the Einstein (massless) scalar field system with a positive cosmological constant. We prescribe spherically symmetric initial data on a future null cone with a wider range of decaying profiles than previously considered. New estimates are then derived in order to prove that, for small data, the system has a unique global classical solution. We also show that the solution decays exponentially in (Bondi) time and that the radial decay is essentially polynomial, although containing logarithmic factors in some special cases. This improved asymptotic analysis allows us to show that, under appropriate and natural decaying conditions on the initial data, the future asymptotic solution is differentiable, up to and including spatial null-infinity, and approaches the de Sitter solution, uniformly, in a neighborhood of infinity. Moreover, we analyze the decay of derivatives of the solution up to second order showing the (uniform) $C^2$-asymptotic stability of the de Sitter attractor in this setting. This corresponds to a surprisingly strong realization of the cosmic no-hair conjecture.