Dynamics of quarks and gauge fields in the lowest-energy states in QCD and QED

TL;DR

This paper investigates the low-energy states of quarks and gauge fields in QCD and QED by dimensional reduction and confinement mechanisms, revealing stable excitations and calculating particle masses consistent with experiments.

Contribution

It introduces a combined confinement approach in reduced dimensions to analyze collective excitations and predicts masses of new particles matching experimental data.

Findings

Identification of stable collective QED excitations as massive mesons.

Calculation of X17 and E38 particle masses in good agreement with experiments.

Demonstration of transverse and longitudinal degrees of freedom separation.

Abstract

The dynamics of quarks and gauge fields in the lowest energy states in QCD and QED interactions is studied by compactifying the (3+1)D space-time to the (1+1)D space-time with cylindrical symmetry and by combining Schwinger's longitudinal confinement in (1+1)D with Polyakov's transverse confinement in (2+1)D. Using the action integral, we separate out the transverse and longitudinal degrees of freedom. By solving the derived transverse and longitudinal equations, we study the QCD and QED collective excitations. In addition to the well known QCD low-energy states, we find stable collective QED excitations showing up as massive QED-confined mesons, in support of previous studies. In particular, the masses of the recently observed X17 particle at about 17 MeV and the E38 particle at about 38 MeV are calculated in the developed approach, in good agreement with experimental results.