To Jab or Not to Jab? A Study on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in India

TL;DR

This study investigates COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in India, identifying key factors influencing attitudes and using simulations to propose strategies for increasing vaccination acceptance.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of hesitancy drivers in India and introduces a network-based simulation to explore intervention strategies.

Findings

Perceived vaccine reliability reduces hesitancy

Younger age and lower education correlate with higher hesitancy

Post-wave attitudes show decreased hesitancy

Abstract

With a country-wide comprehensive internet survey conducted in India, we aim to determine the factors that drive hesitancy towards getting vaccinated for COVID-19, and also compare their levels of influence. The perceived reliability and effectiveness of available vaccines turn out to be important drivers in lowering vaccine hesitancy. Additionally, higher hesitancy is associated with being of a younger age or having lower education. Furthermore, comparing vaccine attitudes from observations before a major COVID-19 wave with those from after, we find that the latter are significantly less hesitant about getting the vaccine. We also find that in addition to the standard knowledge and awareness campaigns, local level peer influences are important factors that affect vaccine hesitancy. Finally, we use statistically significant estimates from logistic regression on our survey data in a synthetic heterogeneous complex network-based society, to extrapolate scenarios that may arise from the dynamic interactions between our variables of interest. We use outcomes from this simulated society to suggest strategic interventions that may lower vaccine hesitancy.