On the Higgs spectra of the 3-3-1 model with the sextet of scalars engendering the type II seesaw mechanism

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the complex scalar sector of a 3-3-1 model with a sextet of scalars that induces the type II seesaw mechanism, exploring its spectrum and phenomenology across different energy scales.

Contribution

It provides an exhaustive analysis of the scalar spectrum in the 3-3-1 model with a sextet, including analytical and numerical methods, revealing scale-dependent scalar content and potential phenomenological scenarios.

Findings

Scalar sector splits into 331 and electroweak scales

Explicit lepton number violation at electroweak scale recovers THDM+triplet physics

High-scale lepton number violation decouples the sextet from low-energy phenomenology

Abstract

In the 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos, three triplets of scalars engender the correct sequence of symmetry breaking, $SU(3)_C \times SU(3)_L \times U(1)_X \rightarrow SU(3)_C \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y \rightarrow SU(3)_C \times U(1)_{EM}$, generating mass for all fermions, except neutrinos. Tiny neutrino masses may be achieved by adding one sextet of scalars to the original scalar content. As consequence, it emerges a very complex scalar sector, involving terms that violate lepton number explicitly, too. The main obstacle to the development of the phenomenology of such scenario is the knowledge of its spectrum of scalars since, now, there are 15 massive scalar particles on it. The proposal of this work is to do an exhaustive analysis of such scalar sector with lepton number being explicitly violated at low, electroweak and high energy scales by means of trilinear terms in the potential. The first case can be addressed analytically and, as a nice result, we have observed that the scalar content of such case is split into two categories: One belonging to the 331 energy scale and the other belonging to the EWSB energy scale, with the last recovering the well known THDM+triplet. For the other cases, the scalar sector can be addressed only numerically. Hence, we proposed a very general approach for the numerical study of the potential, avoiding simplifications that can make us reach conclusions without foundation. We show that, in the case of lepton number being explicitly violated at electroweak scale, it is possible to recover the same physics of the THDM+triplet, as the previous case. Among all the possibilities, we call the attention to one special case which generates the 3HDM+triplet scenario. For the last case, when lepton number is violated at high energy scale, the sextet become very massive and decouples from the original scalar content of the 3-3-1 model.