Pointer States in the Born-Markov approximation

TL;DR

This paper develops a general method to identify pointer states in open quantum systems within the Born-Markov approximation, revealing differences from coherent states and providing explicit examples for spin-1 systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach combining group theory and open quantum systems to explicitly derive pointer states, highlighting their distinction from coherent states.

Findings

Derived explicit equations for pointer states in the Born-Markov approximation.

Showed that pointer states differ from coherent states due to environmental interactions.

Explicitly found pointer states for spin-1 systems in thermal environments.

Abstract

Explaining the emergence of classical properties of a quantum system through its interaction with the environment has been one of the promising ideas on how to understand the notorious quantum-to-classical transition. A pivotal role in this approach is played by, so called, pointer states which are quantum states least affected by the environment and are ``carriers" of classical behavior. We develop here a general method on how to find pointer states. Working within the Born-Markov approximation, we combine methods of group theory and open quantum systems to derive explicit equations describing pointer states. They contain variances squared of certain operators, thus resembling the defining equations of coherent states, but are in general different from the latter. This shows that two notions of being ``the closest to the classical" -- one defined by the uncertainty relations and the other by the interaction with the environment -- are in general different. As an example, we study arbitrary spin-$J$ systems interacting with bosonic or spin thermal environments and find explicitly pointer states for $J=1$.