Multi-band Optical Variability of the TeV Blazar PG 1553+113 in 2019

TL;DR

This study presents detailed optical flux and spectral variability analysis of the TeV blazar PG 1553+113 over 91 nights in 2019, revealing significant intra-night variability and a bluer-when-brighter trend.

Contribution

It provides the first extensive multi-band optical variability analysis of PG 1553+113 over a large dataset collected from multiple telescopes in 2019.

Findings

Significant intra-night variability detected in R-band on 4 nights.

No significant color variations observed on intra-day timescales.

Optical spectral indices ranged from 0.878 to 1.106, showing a bluer-when-brighter trend.

Abstract

We report the flux and spectral variability of PG 1553+113 on intra-night (IDV) to short-term timescales using BVRI data collected over 91 nights from 28 February to 8 November 2019 employing ten optical telescopes: three in Bulgaria, two each in India and Serbia, and one each in Greece, Georgia, and Latvia. We monitored the blazar quasi-simultaneously for 16 nights in the V and R bands and 8 nights in the V, R, I bands and examined the light curves (LCs) for intra-day flux and colour variations using two powerful tests: the power-enhanced F-test and the nested ANOVA test. The source was found to be significantly (> 99%) variable in 4 nights out of 27 in R-band, 1 out of 16 in V-band, and 1 out of 6 nights in I-band. No temporal variations in the colours were observed on IDV timescale. During the course of these observations the total variation in R-band was 0.89 mag observed. We also investigated the spectral energy distribution (SED) using B, V, R, and I band data. We found optical spectral indices in the range of 0.878+-0.029 to 1.106+-0.065 by fitting a power law to these SEDs of PG 1553+113. We found that the source follows a bluer-when-brighter trend on IDV timescales. We discuss possible physical causes of the observed spectral variability.