Shape, alignment, and mass distribution of baryonic and dark-matter halos in one EAGLE simulation

TL;DR

This study uses the EAGLE simulation to analyze the evolution and morphology of galaxy halos, revealing how their shapes and alignments vary with mass and component type at redshift 0.5.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive statistical analysis of halo shapes and alignments across a large sample of halos from redshift 15 to 0, including new insights into component-specific morphology.

Findings

DM halos have median axis ratios of 0.82 and 0.64 for b/a and c/a.

Gas halo sphericity decreases with mass, unlike DM.

Projected star halo axis ratio at z=0.5 matches observations.

Abstract

Accurate knowledge of the morphology of halos and its evolution are key constraints on the galaxy formation model as well as a determinant parameter of the strong-lensing phenomenon. Using the cosmological hydrodynamic simulation, the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE), we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the morphology of galaxy halos and of their mass distributions with a focus on the snapshot at redshift $z=0.5$. We developed an iterative strategy involving a principal component analysis (PCA) to investigate the properties of the EAGLE halos and the differences in alignment between the various components. The mass distributions of the dark-matter (DM), gas, and star halos are characterised by a half-mass radius, a concentration parameter and (projected) axis ratios. We present statistics of the shape parameters of 336\,540 halos from the EAGLE RefL0025N0376 simulation and describe their evolution from redshift $z=15$ to $z=0$. We measured the three-dimensional and two-dimensional projected shape parameters for the DM, the gas, and the star components as well as for all particles. At $z=0.5$, the minor axis of gas aligns with the minor axis of DM for massive halos ($M>10^{12}$ M$_\odot$), but this alignment is poorer for less massive halos. The DM halos axis ratios $b/a$ and $c/a$ have median values of $0.82 \pm 0.11$ and $0.64 \pm 0.12$, respectively. The sphericity of gas in halos w/ and w/o stars appears to be negatively correlated to the total mass, while the sphericity of DM is insensitive to it. The measured projected axis ratios, $b_p/a_p$, of star halos at $z=0.5$ have a median value of $0.80 \pm 0.07$, which is in good agreement with ground-based and space-based measurements within 1 $\sigma$. For DM halos, we measure a value of $0.85 \pm 0.06$.