The TRAPUM L-band survey for pulsars in Fermi-LAT gamma-ray sources

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery of nine new millisecond pulsars through targeted MeerKAT radio observations of Fermi-LAT gamma-ray sources, including binary systems, and provides initial timing solutions and multi-wavelength follow-up results.

Contribution

First targeted MeerKAT survey of Fermi-LAT sources leading to nine new MSP discoveries and initial multi-wavelength characterization.

Findings

Nine new MSPs discovered, eight in binary systems.

Two MSPs with phase-connected timing solutions enabling gamma-ray pulsation detection.

X-ray emission detected from one redback pulsar, indicating intra-binary shock.

Abstract

More than 100 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) have been discovered in radio observations of gamma-ray sources detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), but hundreds of pulsar-like sources remain unidentified. Here we present the first results from the targeted survey of Fermi-LAT sources being performed by the Transients and Pulsars with MeerKAT (TRAPUM) Large Survey Project. We observed 79 sources identified as possible gamma-ray pulsar candidates by a Random Forest classification of unassociated sources from the 4FGL catalogue. Each source was observed for 10 minutes on two separate epochs using MeerKAT's L-band receiver (856-1712 MHz), with typical pulsed flux density sensitivities of $\sim$100$\,\mu$Jy. Nine new MSPs were discovered, eight of which are in binary systems, including two eclipsing redbacks and one system, PSR J1526$-$2744, that appears to have a white dwarf companion in an unusually compact 5 hr orbit. We obtained phase-connected timing solutions for two of these MSPs, enabling the detection of gamma-ray pulsations in the Fermi-LAT data. A follow-up search for continuous gravitational waves from PSR J1526$-$2744 in Advanced LIGO data using the resulting Fermi-LAT timing ephemeris yielded no detection, but sets an upper limit on the neutron star ellipticity of $2.45\times10^{-8}$. We also detected X-ray emission from the redback PSR J1803$-$6707 in data from the first eROSITA all-sky survey, likely due to emission from an intra-binary shock.