Experimental benchmark data for Monte Carlo simulated radiation effects of gold nanoparticles. Part II: Comparison of measured and simulated electron spectra from gold nanofoils

TL;DR

This study compares measured electron emission spectra from gold nanofoils with Monte Carlo simulations, providing reference data and analyzing the agreement and discrepancies to improve radiation transport modeling.

Contribution

It offers experimental benchmark data for gold nanofoils and evaluates the accuracy of Monte Carlo simulations in reproducing electron spectra from photon interactions.

Findings

Good qualitative agreement between measured and simulated spectra.

Simulations need to account for photon beam polarization for better accuracy.

Discrepancies at certain energies highlight areas for model improvement.

Abstract

Electron emission spectra of a thin gold foil after photon interaction were measured over the energy range between 50 eV and 9500 eV to provide reference data for Monte Carlo radiation-transport simulations. Experiments were performed with the HAXPES spectrometer at the PETRA III high-brilliance beamline P22 at DESY (Hamburg, Germany) for photon energies just below and above each of the gold L-edges, i.e., at 11.9 keV, 12.0 keV, 13.7 keV, 13.8 keV, 14.3 keV, and 14.4 keV. The data were analyzed to obtain the absolute values of the particle radiance of the emitted electrons per incident photon flux. Simulations of the experiment were performed using the Monte Carlo radiation-transport codes Penelope and Geant4. Comparison of the measured and simulated results shows good qualitative agreement. When simulation results are convolved with curves that take into account the effect of lifetime broadening, line shapes of photoelectron and Auger peaks similar to those observed experimentally are obtained. On an absolute scale, the experiments tend to give higher electron radiance values at the lower photon energies studied as well as at the higher photon energies for electron energies below the energy of the Au L3 photoelectron. This is attributed to the linear polarization of the photon beam in the experiments which is not considered in the simulation codes.