Hypersurfaces with mean curvature prescribed by an ambient function: compactness results

TL;DR

This paper establishes a compactness theorem for boundaries of sets with prescribed mean curvature in Riemannian manifolds, using oriented integral varifolds and bounds on curvature, addressing issues of hidden boundaries in weak convergence.

Contribution

It introduces a new framework for analyzing boundaries with prescribed mean curvature via oriented integral varifolds, ensuring compactness under curvature bounds.

Findings

Proves compactness of boundaries with prescribed mean curvature under $L^q$ curvature bounds.

Develops a weak notion of curvature coefficients for oriented integral varifolds.

Extends results to varifolds in Riemannian manifolds, including non-boundary varifolds.

Abstract

We consider, in a first instance, the class of boundaries of sets with locally finite perimeter whose (weakly defined) mean curvature is $g \nu$, for a given continuous positive ambient function $g$, and where $\nu$ denotes the inner normal. It is well-known that taking limits in the sense of varifolds within this class is not possible in general, due to the appearence of "hidden boundaries", that is, portions (of positive measure with even multiplicity) on which the (weakly defined) mean curvature vanishes, so that $g$ does not prescribe the mean curvature in the limit. As a special instance of a more general result, we prove that locally uniform $L^q$-bounds on the (weakly defined) second fundamental form, for $q>1$, in addition to the customary locally uniform bounds on the perimeters, lead to a compact class of boundaries with mean curvature prescribed by $g$. The proof relies on treating the boundaries as 'oriented integral varifolds', in order to exploit their orientability feature (that is lost when treating them as (unoriented) varifolds). Specifically, it relies on the formulation and analysis of a weak notion of curvature coefficients for oriented integral varifolds (inspired by Hutchinson's work). This framework gives (with no additional effort) a compactness result for oriented integral varifolds with curvature locally bounded in $L^q$ with $q>1$ and with mean curvature prescribed by any $g\in C^0$ (in fact, the function can vary with the varifold for which it prescribes the mean curvature, as long as there is locally uniform convergence of the prescribing functions). Our notions and statements are given in a Riemannian manifold, with the oriented varifolds that need not arise as boundaries (for instance, they could come from two-sided immersions).