Distinguishing Non-Standard Interaction and Lorentz Invariance Violation at Protvino to Super-ORCA experiment

TL;DR

This paper investigates how future long-baseline neutrino experiments like DUNE and P2SO can distinguish between non-standard interactions and Lorentz invariance violation, which affect neutrino oscillations similarly but depend differently on matter density.

Contribution

The study demonstrates that it is possible to differentiate NSI and LIV effects in future experiments by analyzing their distinct parameter dependencies and statistical sensitivities.

Findings

P2SO shows better discrimination sensitivity than DUNE.

Good separation between LIV and NSI is achievable at 3σ confidence level.

Discrimination is feasible within current and future parameter bounds.

Abstract

As the two phenomena, non-standard interaction (NSI) in neutrino propagation and Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) modify the Hamiltonian of neutrino oscillation in a similar fashion, it is very difficult to distinguish these two effects. The only difference between them lies in the fact that NSI depends on the matter density, whereas LIV is independent of the earth matter effect. Therefore for a fixed baseline experiment, where matter density is constant, the theories describing NSI and LIV are exactly equivalent. However, as the present and future bounds of the NSI and LIV parameters are not equivalent, one can distinguish these two scenarios in the long-baseline neutrino experiments depending on their statistics with respect to the present and future bounds of these parameters. In this paper, we attempt to differentiate between LIV and NSI in the context of DUNE and P2SO, as these two future experiments are believed to be sensitive to the strongest matter effect and will have very large statistics. Taking LIV in the data and NSI in theory, our results show that, indeed it is possible to have good discrimination between LIV and NSI. The best separation between LIV and NSI at $3 \sigma$ C.L. is achieved for the parameter $a_{\mu\mu}$ with P2SO. In this case, the value of LIV parameter for which separation is possible, lies within its future bound, if one considers the value of NSI parameter to be constrained by the present experiments. Between DUNE and P2SO, the latter has better sensitivity for such discrimination.