Image-based searches for pulsar candidates using MWA VCS data

TL;DR

This paper presents an innovative image-based method for detecting pulsar candidates using MWA VCS data, aiming to enhance discovery efficiency and explore parameter spaces inaccessible to traditional methods.

Contribution

The study introduces and tests a novel dual-processing approach for pulsar detection in MWA VCS images, improving search capabilities and setting the stage for future large-scale surveys.

Findings

Method verified on known pulsars, confirming effectiveness.

No new pulsars were discovered in this study.

Limitations include sensitivity and spectral turnover issues.

Abstract

Pulsars have proven instrumental in exploring a wide variety of physics. Pulsars at low radio frequencies is crucial to further our understanding of spectral properties and emission mechanisms.The Murchison Widefield Array Voltage Capture System (MWA-VCS) has been routinely used to study and discover pulsars at low frequencies, offering the unique opportunity of recording complex voltages ,which can be off-line beamformed or imaged at millisecond time resolution.Devising imaged-based methods for finding pulsar candidates, which can be verified in beamformed data, can accelerate the complete process and lead to more pulsar detections by reducing the number of tied-array beams required, increasing compute resource efficiency.Despite a factor of ~4 loss in sensitivity, searching for pulsar candidates in images from the MWA-VCS, we can explore a larger parameter space, potentially leading to discoveries of pulsars missed by high-frequency surveys such as pulsars obscured in high-time resolution timeseries data by propagation effects.Image-based searches are also essential to probing parts of parameter space inaccessible to traditional beamformed searches with the MWA.In this paper we describe the innovative approach and capability of dual-processing MWA VCS data, i.e. finding pulsar candidates in these images, and verifying by forming tied-array beam.We developed and tested image-based methods of finding pulsar candidates, based on pulsar properties such as spectral index, polarisation and variability.The efficiency of these methodologies has been verified on known pulsars, and the main limitations explained in terms of sensitivity and low-frequency spectral turnover of some pulsars.No candidates were confirmed to be a new pulsar.This new capability will now be applied to multiple observations to accelerate pulsar discoveries with MWA and speed up future searches with the SKA-Low.