The Effectiveness of a Simple Helmholtz coil-like Magnetic Shield at Reducing X-ray-like Background in Space-based X-ray Detectors

TL;DR

This study demonstrates through Geant4 simulations that a Helmholtz coil-like magnetic field can significantly reduce secondary electron-induced background in space-based X-ray detectors, improving detection sensitivity.

Contribution

It introduces a simple magnetic shielding approach using Helmholtz coil-like fields to effectively block secondary electrons in X-ray detectors, a novel method not previously explored in this context.

Findings

Helmholtz coil-like magnetic fields can nearly eliminate secondary electron background.

The method could reduce two-thirds of off-axis background in silicon X-ray detectors.

Magnetic shielding can be implemented with solenoids or neodymium magnets.

Abstract

Both active and passive magnetic shielding have been used extensively during past and current X-ray astronomy missions to shield detectors from soft protons and electrons entering through telescope optics. However, simulations performed throughout the past decade have discovered that a significant proportion of X-ray-like background originates from secondary electrons produced in spacecraft shielding surrounding X-ray detectors, which hit detectors isotropically from all directions. Here, the results from Geant4 simulations of a simple Helmholtz coil-like magnetic field surrounding a detector are presented, and it is found that a Helmholtz coil-like magnetic field is extremely effective at preventing secondary electrons from reaching the detector. This magnetic shielding method could remove almost all background associated with both backscattering electrons and fully absorbed soft electrons, which together are expected to account for approximately two thirds of the expected off-axis background in silicon-based X-ray detectors of several hundred microns in thickness. The magnetic field structure necessary for doing this could easily be produced using a set of solenoids or neodymium magnets providing that power requirements can be sufficiently optimised or neodymium fluorescence lines can be sufficiently attenuated, respectively.