On averaging eccentric orbits: Implications for the long-term thermal evolution of comets

TL;DR

This study evaluates different averaging methods for eccentric orbits to improve long-term thermal evolution models of comets, finding time averaging schemes most accurately replicate heating patterns and temperature distributions.

Contribution

It identifies that time averaging schemes, especially those based on equilibrium temperature, best approximate the thermal behavior of elliptic orbits in comet evolution models.

Findings

Time averaging schemes outperform spatial averaging methods.

Equilibrium temperature-based averaging effectively replicates subsurface temperatures.

Circular orbits derived from time-averaged temperatures are useful for long-term thermal studies.

Abstract

One of the common approximations in long-term evolution studies of small bodies is the use of circular orbits averaging the actual eccentric ones, facilitating the coupling of processes with very different timescales, such as the orbital changes and the thermal processing. Here we test a number of averaging schemes for elliptic orbits in the context of the long-term evolution of comets, aiming to identify the one that best reproduces the elliptic orbits' heating patterns and the surface and subsurface temperature distributions. We use a simplified thermal evolution model applied on simulated comets both on elliptic and on their equivalent averaged circular orbits, in a range of orbital parameter space relevant to the inner solar system. We find that time averaging schemes are more adequate than spatial averaging ones. Circular orbits created by means of a time average of the equilibrium temperature approximate efficiently the subsurface temperature distributions of elliptic orbits in a large area of the orbital parameter space, rendering them a powerful tool for averaging elliptic orbits.