Quantifying the influence of bars on action-based dynamical modelling of disc galaxies

TL;DR

This study assesses how the Milky Way's bar affects action-based dynamical models, showing that while some parameters are robustly recovered, bar strength and survey volume location significantly influence accuracy.

Contribution

It systematically quantifies the impact of the galactic bar on the robustness of action-based dynamical modelling using simulated barred galaxy data.

Findings

Global potential parameters are recovered within 1-17% for realistic bar strengths.

Increasing bar strength causes deviations in model parameters due to resonance effects.

Survey volume location and size significantly affect the accuracy of parameter recovery.

Abstract

Action-based dynamical modelling, using stars as dynamical tracers, is an excellent diagnostic to estimate the underlying axisymmetric matter distribution of the Milky Way. However, the Milky Way's bar causes non-axisymmetric resonance features in the stellar disc. Using Roadmapping (an action-based dynamical modelling framework to estimate the gravitational potential and the stellar distribution function), we systematically quantify the robustness of action-based modelling in the presence of a bar. We construct a set of test-particle simulations of barred galaxies (with varying bar properties), and apply Roadmapping to different survey volumes (with varying azimuthal position, size) drawn from these barred models. For realistic bar parameters, the global potential parameters are still recovered to within ~ 1 - 17 percent. However, with increasing bar strength, the best-fit values of the parameters progressively deviate from their true values. This happens due to a combination of radial heating, radial migration, and resonance overlap phenomena in our bar models. Furthermore, the azimuthal location and the size of the survey volumes play important roles in the successful recovery of the parameters. Survey volumes along the bar major axis produce larger (relative) errors in the best-fit parameter values. In addition, the potential parameters are better recovered for survey volumes with larger spatial coverage. As the Sun is located just ~ 28 - 33 degrees behind the bar's major axis, an estimate for the bar-induced systematic bias -- as provided by this study -- is therefore crucial for future modelling attempts of the Milky Way.