Stable vortex structures in colliding self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates how superfluid Bose-Einstein condensates of dark matter form stable vortex structures during collisions, affecting gravitational wave emissions and demonstrating robustness of vortex formations.

Contribution

It introduces the formation and stability of vortex structures in self-gravitating BEC dark matter during collisions, highlighting their impact on gravitational wave signals.

Findings

Vortex lines and rings form during BEC collisions.

Quantum interference influences gravitational wave radiation.

Vortex structures remain stable after collisions.

Abstract

A key feature of ultra-light dark matter composed by bosons is the formation of superfluid Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) structures on galactic scales. We study collisions of BEC solitonic and vortex structures in the framework of the Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson model. It is found that the superfluid nature of bosonic dark matter leads to the formation of quantized vortex lines and vortex rings in interference patterns formed during collisions. Calculating the gravitational wave luminosity, we demonstrated that quantum interference patterns affect notably the gravitational wave radiation. We reveal that superfluid self-gravitating BECs can form stable localized vortex structures which remain robust even after a head-on collision.