The Contribution of Evolved Stars to PAH Heating and Implications for Estimating Star Formation Rates

TL;DR

This study investigates how evolved stars contribute to PAH emission in galaxies and proposes a revised method for estimating star formation rates by accounting for stellar mass effects.

Contribution

It introduces a new PAH-based SFR estimator that explicitly includes stellar mass to account for evolved star contributions, improving accuracy.

Findings

Evolved stars significantly influence PAH emission in galaxies.

The traditional PAH-SFR correlation depends on specific SFR and stellar mass.

Reformulated SFR estimator improves estimates by considering stellar mass effects.

Abstract

Emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a promising tool for estimating star formation rate (SFR) in galaxies, but the origin of its sources of excitation, which include not only young but possibly also old stars, remains uncertain. We analyze Spitzer mid-infrared mapping-mode spectroscopic observations of the nuclear and extra-nuclear regions of 33 nearby galaxies to study the contribution of evolved stars to PAH emission. In combination with photometric measurements derived from ultraviolet, H{\alpha}, and infrared images, the spatially resolved spectral decomposition enables us to characterize the PAH emission, SFR, and stellar mass of the sample galaxies on sub-kpc scales. We demonstrate that the traditional empirical correlation between PAH luminosity and SFR has a secondary dependence on specific SFR, or, equivalently, stellar mass. Ultraviolet-faint regions with lower specific SFRs and hence greater fraction of evolved stars emit stronger PAH emission at fixed SFR than ultraviolet-bright regions. We reformulate the PAH-based SFR estimator by explicitly introducing stellar mass as a second parameter to account for the contribution of evolved stars to PAH excitation. The influence of evolved stars can explain the sub-linear correlation between PAH emission and SFR, and it can partly account for the PAH deficit in dwarf galaxies and low-metallicity environments.