Evidence that Shocks Destroy Small PAH Molecules in Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei

TL;DR

This study uses spatially resolved infrared spectra to investigate how shocks and radiation from low-luminosity AGNs destroy small PAH molecules, revealing differences in PAH properties across galaxy types.

Contribution

It provides new evidence that shocks contribute to the destruction of small PAH molecules in low-luminosity AGNs, expanding understanding of AGN impact on galactic environments.

Findings

PAH emission is deficient in AGN regions compared to star-forming regions.

AGN regions show smaller PAH 6.2/7.7 μm and larger PAH 11.3/7.7 μm band ratios.

Shocks and radiative processes likely destroy small PAH grains in AGNs.

Abstract

We combined mapping-mode mid-infrared Spitzer spectra with complementary infrared imaging to perform a spatially resolved study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission from the central regions of 66 nearby galaxies, roughly evenly divided into star-forming systems and low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In conjunction with similar measurements available for quasars, we aim to understand the physical properties of PAHs across a broad range of black hole accretion power, with the goal of identifying observational diagnostics that can be used to probe the effect of AGNs on the host galaxy. Whereas the PAH emission correlates tightly with far-ultraviolet luminosity in star-forming regions, the spatially resolved regions of AGNs tend to be PAH-deficient. Moreover, AGN regions exhibit on average smaller PAH 6.2 {\mu}m/7.7 {\mu}m and larger PAH 11.3 {\mu}m/7.7 {\mu}m band ratios. Although the current data are highly restrictive, they suggest that these anomalous PAH band ratios cannot be explained by the effects of the AGN radiation field alone. Instead, they hint that small grains may be destroyed by the combined effects of radiative processes and shocks, which are plausibly linked to jets and outflows preferentially associated with highly sub-Eddington, radiatively inefficient AGNs. While quasars also present a PAH deficit and unusual PAH band ratios, their characteristics differ in detail compared to those observed in more weakly accreting AGNs, a possible indicator of fundamental differences in their modes of energy feedback.