Future Space Networks: Toward the Next Giant Leap for Humankind

TL;DR

This paper envisions the future of space networks by proposing a comprehensive architecture, analyzing use cases, reviewing enabling technologies, and discussing challenges and standardization efforts to advance satellite communications.

Contribution

It introduces a holistic reference architecture for future SpaceNets and examines related use cases, technologies, and standardization activities, addressing current challenges and open issues.

Findings

Proposes a comprehensive reference architecture for future SpaceNets.

Analyzes space, air, and ground use cases for integrated networks.

Highlights ongoing standardization efforts and identifies key challenges.

Abstract

Due to the unprecedented advances in satellite fabrication and deployment, innovative communications and networking technologies, ambitious space projects and programs, and the resurgence of interest in satellite networks, there is a need to redefine space networks (SpaceNets) to incorporate all of these evolutions. This paper introduces a vision for future SpaceNets that considers advances in several related domains. First, we present a reference architecture that captures the various network entities and terminals in a holistic manner. Based on this, space, air, and ground use cases are studied. Then, the architectures and technologies that enable the envisaged SpaceNets are investigated. In so doing, we highlight the activities and projects of different standardization bodies, satellite operators, and national organizations towards the envisioned SpaceNets. Finally, the challenges, potential solutions, and open issues from communications and networking perspectives are discussed.