Acoustic emission due to the interaction between shock and instability waves in 2D supersonic jet flows

TL;DR

This paper presents an analytical model for predicting sound generated by shock and instability wave interactions in 2D supersonic jets, accurately matching experimental data on frequency and directivity.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel analytical approach combining shock and instability wave interactions to predict jet noise, improving upon classical models.

Findings

Accurately predicts fundamental screech tone frequencies.

Matches experimental data on noise directivity.

Shows noise is primarily generated through Mach wave mechanisms.

Abstract

An analytical model is developed to study the sound produced by the interaction between shock and instability waves in two-dimensional supersonic jet flows. The jet is considered to be of vortex-sheet type and 2D Euler equations are linearised to determine the governing equations for shock, instability waves, and their interaction. Pack's model is used to describe shock waves, while instability waves are calculated using spatial stability analysis. The interaction between shock and instability waves can be solved analytically by performing Fourier transform and subsequently using the method of steepest descent. Sound produced by the interaction between the instability wave and a single shock cell is studied first, after which that due to a number of cells follows. We find that the model developed in this study can correctly predict the frequencies of the fundamental screech tone and its first and second harmonics. We show that the predicted sound directivity, even from a single shock cell, is in good agreement with experimental data. In particular, this model shows the strongest noise emission close to the upstream direction but the emitted noise starts to rapidly decay as the observer angle approaches 180 degrees, which is in accordance with experimental results; this suggests that the effective noise from a single shock cell is far from of the monopole type as assumed in the classical Powell's model. We find that the noise directivity is very sensitive to the local growth rate of the instability waves and the noise is generated primarily through the Mach wave mechanism.