Applying NOX Error Mitigation Protocols to Calculate Real-time Quantum Field Theory Scattering Phase Shifts

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the NOX error mitigation protocol significantly improves the accuracy of real-time quantum field theory scattering phase shift calculations on NISQ devices, with error reductions up to 74%.

Contribution

It applies and tests the NOX error mitigation strategy on quantum circuits simulating a Transverse Field Ising model, showing substantial error reduction across various hardware architectures.

Findings

Error reduction between 21% and 74% observed

NOX effective across different hardware and circuit depths

Heuristic method developed for systematic error bars

Abstract

Real-time scattering calculations on a Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) quantum computer are disrupted by errors that accumulate throughout the circuits. To improve the accuracy of such physics simulations, one can supplement the application circuits with a recent error mitigation strategy known as Noisy Output eXtrapolation (NOX). We tested these error mitigation protocols on a Transverse Field Ising model and improved upon previous calculations of the phase shift. Our proof-of-concept 4-qubit application circuits were run on several IBM quantum computing hardware architectures. Metrics were introduced that show between 21\% and 74\% error reduction for circuit depths ranging from 14 to 37 hard cycles, confirming that the NOX technique applies to circuits with a broad range of failure rates. This observation on different cloud-accessible devices further confirms that NOX provides performance improvements even in the advent where circuits are executed in substantially time-separated batches. Finally, we provide a heuristic method to obtain systematic error bars on the mitigated results, compare them with empirical errors and discuss their effects on phase shift estimates.