Steady-State Ultracold Plasma

TL;DR

This paper presents a method to create and study steady-state ultracold plasmas with controllable densities and temperatures using continuous optical excitation, enabling advanced exploration of strongly coupled plasma phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a novel steady-state creation technique for ultracold plasmas with variable parameters and demonstrates their properties through experimental and theoretical analysis.

Findings

Achieved a peak ion density of 6×10^5 cm^-3

Minimum electron temperature near 2 K

Experimental results align with a simple theoretical model

Abstract

A strongly coupled ultracold plasma can be used as an excellent test platform for studying many-body interactions associated with various plasma phenomena. In this paper we discuss an approach that makes possible creation of the steady-state ultracold plasma having various densities and temperatures by means of continuous two-step optical excitation of calcium atoms in the MOT. The parameters of the plasma are studied using laser-induced fluorescence of calcium ions. The experimental results are well described by a simple theoretical model involving equilibration of the continuous source of charged particles by the hydrodynamical ion outflux and three-body recombination. The strongly coupled plasma with the peak ion density of $6\cdot10^5$ cm$^{-3}$ and the minimum electron temperature near 2 K has been prepared. Our steady-state approach in combination with the strong magnetic confinement of the plasma will make it possible to reach extremely strong coupling in such system.