Quantum spin models for numerosity perception

TL;DR

This paper introduces a simple quantum spin model that encodes numerosity through spectral analysis, successfully reproducing key perceptual features like Weber's law, offering a novel approach to understanding number sense in neural systems.

Contribution

The authors propose a minimal quantum spin model that captures numerosity perception and reproduces Weber's law, contrasting with complex neural network models.

Findings

Spectral components increase with number of stimuli

Model follows Weber's law in numerosity perception

Contrasts with linear system or accumulator models

Abstract

Humans share with animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates, the capacity to sense the number of items in their environment already at birth. The pervasiveness of this skill across the animal kingdom suggests that it should emerge in very simple populations of neurons. Current modelling literature, however, has struggled to suggest a simple architecture carrying out this task, with most proposals suggesting the emergence of number sense in multi-layered complex neural networks, and typically requiring supervised learning. We present a simple quantum spin model with all-to-all connectivity, where numerosity is encoded in the spectrum after stimulation with a number of transient signals occurring in a random or orderly temporal sequence. We use a paradigmatic simulational approach borrowed from the theory and methods of open quantum systems out of equilibrium, as a possible way to describe information processing in neural systems. Our method is able to capture many of the perceptual characteristics of numerosity in such systems. The frequency components of the magnetization spectra at harmonics of the system's tunneling frequency increase with the number of stimuli presented. The amplitude decoding of each spectrum, performed with an ideal-observer model, reveals that the system follows Weber's law, one of the hallmarks of numerosity perception across the animal kingdom. This contrasts with the well-known failure to reproduce Weber's law with linear system or accumulators models.