An exponential equation of state of dark energy in the light of 2018 CMB Planck data

TL;DR

This paper investigates an exponential dark energy model using 2018 CMB Planck data and other cosmological observations, finding it comparable to ΛCDM and discussing its potential to address current cosmological tensions.

Contribution

It introduces and constrains an exponential dark energy equation of state model with comprehensive observational data analysis, comparing it to the standard ΛCDM model.

Findings

Exponential model slightly preferred in separated data sets.

Characteristic parameter ω₀ ≈ -1.202 from joint analysis.

Estimated Universe age ≈ 13.79 Gyr.

Abstract

The dynamics of the Universe is analyzed using an exponential function for the dark energy equation of state, known as Gong-Zhang parameterization. The phase space of the free parameters presented in the model is constrained using Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, Cosmic Chronometers, modulus distance from Hydrogen II Galaxies, Type Ia Supernovae and measurements from Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, together with a stronger bound from a Joint analysis. The cosmological model is confronted with $\Lambda$CDM, observing there is a strong evidence for $\Lambda$CDM in the Joint analysis although the exponential model is preferred when the data are separated. Based on the Joint analysis, a value of $\omega_0 = -1.202^{+0.027}_{-0.026}$ is found for the characteristic parameter presented in the equation of state. Additionally, the cosmographic parameters at current times are reported, having $q_0 = -0.789^{+0.034}_{-0.036}$, $j_0=1.779^{+0.130}_{-0.119}$, and a transition deceleration-acceleration redshift $z_T = 0.644^{+0.011}_{-0.012}$. Furthermore, the age of the Universe is estimated as $t_U = 13.788^{+0.019}_{-0.019}$ Gyrs. Finally, we open a discussion if this model could alleviate the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions.