Detection of strong light-matter interaction in a single nano-cavity with a thermal transducer

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel nanospectroscopy method using a thermal transducer and AFM to detect strong light-matter coupling in single nano-cavities, enabling detailed analysis of polaritonic dispersion at the nanoscale.

Contribution

The study presents an original technique combining thermal expansion and AFM to observe strong light-matter interactions in single nano-cavities, overcoming limitations of conventional far-field spectroscopy.

Findings

Detected anticrossing in cavity loss spectra indicating strong coupling

Demonstrated near-field mapping of cavity mode symmetry

Showed minimal perturbation of optical response by the polymer layer

Abstract

Recently, the concept of strong light-matter coupling has been demonstrated in semiconductor structures, and it is poised to revolutionize the design and implementation of components, including solid state lasers and detectors. We demonstrate an original nanospectroscopy technique that permits to study the light-matter interaction in single subwavelength-sized nano-cavities where far-field spectroscopy is not possible using conventional techniques. We inserted a thin ($\approx$ 150 nm) polymer layer with negligible absorption in the mid-IR (5 $\mu$m < $\lambda$ < 12 $\mu$m) inside a metal-insulator-metal resonant cavity, where a photonic mode and the intersubband transition of a semiconductor quantum well are strongly coupled. The intersubband transition peaks at $\lambda$ = 8.3 $\mu$m, and the nano-cavity is overall 270 nm thick. Acting as a non-perturbative transducer, the polymer layer introduces only a limited alteration of the optical response while allowing to reveal the optical power absorbed inside the concealed cavity. Spectroscopy of the cavity losses is enabled by the polymer thermal expansion due to heat dissipation in the active part of the cavity, and performed using an atomic force microscope (AFM). This innovative approach allows the typical anticrossing characteristic of the polaritonic dispersion to be identified in the cavity loss spectra at the single nano-resonator level. Results also suggest that near-field coupling of the external drive field to the top metal patch mediated by a metal-coated AFM probe tip is possible, and it enables the near-field mapping of the cavity mode symmetry including in the presence of strong light-matter interaction.