A model-free procedure to correct for volume fluctuations in E-by-E analyses of particle multiplicities

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel, model-free event-mixing method to accurately correct for volume fluctuations in particle multiplicity analyses of nuclear collisions, enabling direct extraction of participant fluctuations from experimental data.

Contribution

The authors develop an unbiased, data-driven event-mixing technique to isolate volume fluctuations, avoiding model dependence and allowing direct measurement of wounded-nucleon cumulants.

Findings

Successfully extracts participant fluctuations directly from data.

Provides a method to correct multiplicity cumulants for volume effects.

Eliminates correlations while preserving volume fluctuation information.

Abstract

We develop an innovative and unbiased procedure, based on event mixing, to account for unavoidable contributions from volume (or system size) fluctuations to experimentally measured moments of particle multiplicity distributions produced in relativistic nuclear collisions. Within the wounded-nucleon model they are characterized by fluctuations of the number of wounded nucleons, the latter usually referred to as participants. For the first time we extract participant fluctuations directly from the data used for the fluctuation analysis, i.e., without involving model calculations. To achieve this we constructed a dedicated event-mixing algorithm that eliminates all possible correlations between produced particles while preserving the volume fluctuations. The procedure provides direct access to the cumulants of wounded-nucleon distributions, which can be used to account for non-critical contributions to the experimentally measured cumulants of multiplicity distributions.