Toward $N$ to $N\pi$ matrix elements from lattice QCD

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a novel lattice QCD method to accurately extract nucleon axial matrix elements by including five-quark operators, effectively removing large excited state contributions, which is crucial for neutrino energy reconstruction.

Contribution

The study introduces the inclusion of five-quark operators in lattice QCD to eliminate excited state contamination in nucleon matrix element calculations.

Findings

Large excited state contributions can be removed with five-quark operators.

First demonstration of this technique at a pion mass of 429 MeV.

Method paves the way for accurate N to Nπ transition matrix elements.

Abstract

QCD matrix elements of axial and vector currents between nucleons are required for the Monte Carlo reconstruction of the energy of neutrinos that are detected in long baseline oscillation experiments in the quasi-elastic regime. The cleanest approach for determining the axial matrix elements is lattice QCD. However, the extraction of these from the corresponding correlation functions is complicated by very large excited state contributions, that are related to transitions from the nucleon to a nucleon-pion pair. In this pilot study with a pion mass $m_\pi = 429~ \mathrm{MeV}$, we demonstrate for the first time that these contributions can be removed by including five-(anti)quark operators into the basis of interpolators used to create the nucleon. The same techniques will be needed to compute transition matrix elements between the nucleon and nucleon-pion scattering states that are relevant in the resonance production regime.