Characterizing superradiant dynamics in atomic arrays via a cumulant expansion approach

TL;DR

This paper develops a cumulant expansion method to analytically and numerically study superradiant emission in large atomic arrays, revealing scaling laws, critical excitation thresholds, and robustness against disorder.

Contribution

It introduces an exact analytical cumulant expansion approach for modeling superradiance in large atomic arrays, enabling analysis of scaling, thresholds, and disorder effects.

Findings

Cumulant expansion accurately captures superradiant dynamics.

Superradiant peak scales with particle number.

Critical excitation number for superradiance identified.

Abstract

Ordered atomic arrays with subwavelength lattice spacing emit light collectively. For fully inverted atomic arrays, this results in an initial burst of radiation and a fast build up of coherences between the atoms at initial times. Based on a cumulant expansion of the equations of motion, we derive exact analytical expressions for the emission properties and numerically analyze the full many-body problem resulting in the collective decay process for unprecedented system sizes of up to a few hundred atoms. We benchmark the cumulant expansion approach and show that it correctly captures the cooperative dynamics resulting in superradiance. For fully inverted arrays, this allows us to extract the scaling of the superradiant peak with particle number. For partially excited arrays where no coherences are shared among atoms, we also determine the critical number of excitations required for the emergence of superradiance in one- and two-dimensional geometries. In addition, we study the robustness of superradiance in the case of non-unit filling and position disorder.