Optical isolation by temporal modulation: size, frequency, and power constraints

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the limitations of temporal modulation techniques for optical isolation, highlighting constraints on size, frequency, and power consumption, and compares them with magneto-optic isolators for integrated photonics.

Contribution

It systematically examines various temporal modulation methods and identifies fundamental constraints on footprint, frequency, and power for optical isolation.

Findings

Power consumption for full isolation is at least hundreds of milliwatts.

Constraints are similar across different modulation techniques.

Trade-offs exist between isolation performance and device parameters.

Abstract

Optical isolators are indispensable components of optical networks. Magneto-optic isolators have excellent operating characteristics, including low-to-no power consumption, but are not well suited for on-chip integration. The technique of temporal modulation of dielectric constant offers an alternative way to achieve isolation without magnetic field but is not without its own drawbacks. In this work I examine diverse methods of optical isolation via temporal modulation and show that independent on whether modulation is achieved by carrier injection, Pockels and acousto-optic effects, or any other conceivable method, there is essentially the same set of constraints on footprint, modulation frequency, and, most important, on power consumption required to achieve full isolation without excessive insertion loss. This power is estimated to be on the order of at least a hundred of milliwatts and whether this requirement is acceptable will depend on ongoing progress of both magneto-optic and time modulated integrated technologies.