Two-dimensional complex (dusty) plasma with active Janus particles

TL;DR

This study experimentally investigates a two-dimensional complex plasma with active Janus particles, revealing disordered particle motion, energy decline with increased laser power, and unique ballistic and confined behaviors.

Contribution

It provides the first experimental analysis of active Janus particles in a 2D plasma, highlighting their disordered dynamics and energy behavior under laser illumination.

Findings

Janus particles prevent ordered lattice formation.

Mean kinetic energy decreases with higher laser power.

Particles exhibit ballistic motion and confined circular trajectories.

Abstract

A two-dimensional complex plasma containing active Janus particles was studied experimentally. A single layer of micron-size plastic microspheres was suspended in the plasma sheath of a radio-frequency discharge in argon at low pressure. The particle sample used was a mixture of regular particles and Janus particles, which were coated on one side with a thin layer of platinum. Unlike a suspension consisting of regular particles only, the suspension with inclusion of Janus particles did not form an ordered lattice in the experimental conditions used. Instead, the particles moved around with high kinetic energy in a disordered suspension. Unexpectedly, the mean kinetic energy of the particles declined as the illumination laser power was increased. This is explained by the competition of two driving forces, the photophoretic force and the oppositely directed ion drag force. The mean-squared displacement of the particles scaled as $t^{\alpha}$ with $\alpha=2$ at small times $t$ indicating ballistic motion and $\alpha=0.56\pm0.27$ at longer times due to the combined effect of the Janus particle propensity to move in circular trajectories and external confinement.