A playground for compressible natural convection with a nearly uniform density

TL;DR

This paper introduces a simplified model for compressible convection with a unique equation of state, enabling detailed analysis of plume structures, heat flux, and dissipation profiles in a nearly isentropic fluid domain.

Contribution

It develops a theoretical framework for compressible convection using an equation of state where entropy depends only on density, simplifying the analysis of dissipation and heat transfer.

Findings

Dissipation becomes related to entropy heat flux at high Rayleigh numbers.

Vertical dissipation profiles can be predicted based on the dissipation number.

The ratio of dissipation to convective heat flux varies with the dissipation number.

Abstract

In the quest to understand the basic universal features of compressible convection, one would like to disentangle genuine consequences of compression from spatial variations of transport properties. In the present work, we consider a very peculiar equation of state, whereby entropy is solely dependent on density, so that a nearly isentropic fluid domain is nearly isochoric. Within this class of equations of state, there is a thermal adiabatic gradient and a key property of compressible convection is still present, namely its capacity to viscously dissipate a large fraction of the thermal energy involved, of the order of the well-named dissipation number. In a series of anelastic approximations, under the assumption of an infinite Prandtl number, the number of governing parameters can be brought down to two, the Rayleigh number and the dissipation number. This framework is proposed as a playground for compressible convection, an opportunity to extend the vast corpus of theoretical analyses on the Oberbeck-Boussinesq equations regarding stability, bifurcations or the determination of upper bounds for the turbulent heat transfer. Here, in a two-dimensional geometry, we concentrate on the structure of upward and downward plumes depending on the dissipation number, on the heat flux dependence on the dissipation number and on the ratio of dissipation to convective heat flux. For dissipation numbers of order unity, in the limit of large Rayleigh numbers, dissipation becomes related to the entropy heat flux at each depth, so that the vertical dissipation profile can be predicted, and consequently so does the total ratio of dissipation to convective heat flux.