Nodes and Spin Windings for Topological Transitions in Light-Matter Interactions: \\ Anisotropic Quantum Rabi Model as a Born Abstract Artist

TL;DR

This paper uncovers diverse topological transitions in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model, linking wave-function nodes and spin windings to physical detectability and artistic representations, revealing new insights into light-matter interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel topological analysis of the anisotropic QRM, connecting wave-function nodes, spin windings, and artistic portraits, expanding understanding of quantum topological phenomena.

Findings

Identification of unconventional topological transitions without gap closing

Correlation between wave-function nodes and spin windings

Discovery of spin-knot transitions in excited states

Abstract

By extracting different levels of topological information a new light is shed on the energy spectrum of the anisotropic quantum Rabi model (QRM) which is the fundamental model of light-matter interactions with indispensable counter-rotating terms in ultra-strong couplings. Besides conventional topological transitions (TTs) at gap closing, abundant unconventional TTs including a particular one universal for different energy levels are unveiled underlying level anticrossings without gap closing by tracking the wave-function nodes. On the other hand, it is found that the nodes have a correspondence to spin windings, which not only endows the nodes a more explicit topological character in supporting single-qubit TTs but also turns the topological information physically detectable. Furthermore, hidden small-spin-knot transitions are exposed for the ground state, while more kinds of spin-knot transitions emerge in excited states including unmatched node numbers and spin winding numbers. As a surprise, frequently the spin windings produce portraits in high spiritual similarity with abstract artistic works, which demonstrates that the anisotropic QRM may be the Picasso of physical models. This signifies that art is joining the dialogue between mathematics and physics which was triggered by the milestone work of revealing integrability of the QRM.