Programmable Heisenberg interactions between Floquet qubits

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a method to transform fixed-frequency superconducting circuits into Floquet qubits, enabling fully tunable Heisenberg interactions and high-fidelity quantum gates, advancing quantum simulation and computation.

Contribution

It introduces a Floquet protocol for adiabatically transforming fixed-frequency circuits into tunable qubits with adjustable interactions, enhancing quantum control capabilities.

Findings

Achieved adjustable XXZ Heisenberg interactions with tunable anisotropy.

Implemented high-fidelity two-qubit gates: iSWAP, CZ, SWAP.

Constructed a three-qubit CCZ gate with over 96% fidelity.

Abstract

The fundamental trade-off between robustness and tunability is a central challenge in the pursuit of quantum simulation and fault-tolerant quantum computation. In particular, many emerging quantum architectures are designed to achieve high coherence at the expense of having fixed spectra and consequently limited types of controllable interactions. Here, by adiabatically transforming fixed-frequency superconducting circuits into modifiable Floquet qubits, we demonstrate an XXZ Heisenberg interaction with fully adjustable anisotropy. This interaction model is on one hand the basis for many-body quantum simulation of spin systems, and on the other hand the primitive for an expressive quantum gate set. To illustrate the robustness and versatility of our Floquet protocol, we tailor the Heisenberg Hamiltonian and implement two-qubit iSWAP, CZ, and SWAP gates with estimated fidelities of 99.32(3)%, 99.72(2)%, and 98.93(5)%, respectively. In addition, we implement a Heisenberg interaction between higher energy levels and employ it to construct a three-qubit CCZ gate with a fidelity of 96.18(5)%. Importantly, the protocol is applicable to various fixed-frequency high-coherence platforms, thereby unlocking a suite of essential interactions for high-performance quantum information processing. From a broader perspective, our work provides compelling avenues for future exploration of quantum electrodynamics and optimal control using the Floquet framework.