Rapidity and momentum distributions of 1D dipolar quantum gases

TL;DR

This study investigates how tunable dipolar interactions influence the equilibrium properties of 1D Bose gases, revealing that strong correlations preserve distributions while weaker interactions cause notable changes, highlighting the need for advanced theoretical models.

Contribution

It demonstrates the effects of dipolar interactions on 1D Bose gases and models these effects, advancing understanding of near-integrable quantum systems with long-range interactions.

Findings

Rapidity and momentum distributions are unaffected in the Tonks-Girardeau regime.

Significant distribution changes occur when contact interactions are decreased.

Modeling as an array of contact-interacting gases with dipolar contributions captures main observations.

Abstract

We explore the effect of tunable integrability breaking dipole-dipole interactions in the equilibrium states of highly magnetic 1D Bose gases of dysprosium at low temperatures. We experimentally observe that in the strongly correlated Tonks-Girardeau regime, rapidity and momentum distributions are nearly unaffected by the dipolar interactions. By contrast, we also observe that significant changes of these distributions occur when decreasing the strength of the contact interactions. We show that the main experimental observations are captured by modeling the system as an array of 1D gases with only contact interactions, dressed by the contribution of the short-range part of the dipolar interactions. Improvements to theory-experiment correspondence will require new tools tailored to near-integrable models possessing both short and long-range interactions.