Gauging the Gauge and Anomaly Resolution

TL;DR

This paper investigates the process of 'gauging the gauge', revealing how it leads to higher-gauge theories via categorification, and explores its applications in anomaly resolution across physics disciplines.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of categorification of gauge procedures, linking algebraic structures like Lie 2-crossed-modules to physical higher-gauge theories and anomaly resolution.

Findings

Gauging a global symmetry produces Lie algebra crossed-modules and 2-gauge theories.

Repeated gauging yields 3-gauge theories based on Lie algebra 2-crossed-modules.

Higher-gauge structures enable consistent anomaly resolution in quantum field theories.

Abstract

In this paper, we explore the algebraic and geometric structures that arise from a procedure we dub "gauging the gauge", which involves the promotion of a certain global, coordinate independent symmetry to a local one. By gauging the global 1-form shift symmetry in a gauge theory, we demonstrate that the structure of a Lie algebra crossed-module and its associated 2-gauge theory arises. Moreover, performing this procedure once again on a 2-gauge theory generates a 3-gauge theory, based on Lie algebra 2-crossed-modules. As such, the physical procedure of "gauging the gauge" can be understood mathematically as a \textit{categorification}. Applications of such higher-gauge structures are considered, including gravity, higher-energy physics and condensed matter theory. Of particular interest is the mechanism of \textit{anomaly resolution}, in which one introduces a higher-gauge structure to absorb curvature excitations. This mechanism has been shown to allow one to consistently gauge an anomalous background symmetry in QFT.