CommCSL: Proving Information Flow Security for Concurrent Programs using Abstract Commutativity

TL;DR

This paper introduces CommCSL, a novel verification method for concurrent programs that ensures information flow security by proving that shared data operations commute, thus preventing secret data from influencing observable outputs without relying on timing assumptions.

Contribution

The paper presents a new verification technique based on commutativity for concurrent programs that lifts previous restrictions and does not depend on timing behavior assumptions.

Findings

Successfully verified complex concurrent programs for information flow security.

Proved soundness of the technique in Isabelle/HOL.

Implemented an automated verifier, HyperViper, demonstrating practical applicability.

Abstract

Information flow security ensures that the secret data manipulated by a program does not influence its observable output. Proving information flow security is especially challenging for concurrent programs, where operations on secret data may influence the execution time of a thread and, thereby, the interleaving between different threads. Such internal timing channels may affect the observable outcome of a program even if an attacker does not observe execution times. Existing verification techniques for information flow security in concurrent programs attempt to prove that secret data does not influence the relative timing of threads. However, these techniques are often restrictive (for instance because they disallow branching on secret data) and make strong assumptions about the execution platform (ignoring caching, processor instructions with data-dependent runtime, and other common features that affect execution time). In this paper, we present a novel verification technique for secure information flow in concurrent programs that lifts these restrictions and does not make any assumptions about timing behavior. The key idea is to prove that all mutating operations performed on shared data commute, such that different thread interleavings do not influence its final value. Crucially, commutativity is required only for an abstraction of the shared data that contains the information that will be leaked to a public output. Abstract commutativity is satisfied by many more operations than standard commutativity, which makes our technique widely applicable. We formalize our technique in CommCSL, a relational concurrent separation logic with support for commutativity-based reasoning, and prove its soundness in Isabelle/HOL. We implemented CommCSL in HyperViper, an automated verifier based on the Viper verification infrastructure, and demonstrate its ability to verify challenging examples.